QIJESSH – QUALITY INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATION SCIENCE AND SOCIAL HUMANITY

Differentiated Learning Strategies to Enhance Student Interest in Elementary Schools: A Literature Review

2026-09-30T06:42:28+00:00

Differentiated learning is an instructional approach that adapts the content, process, product, and learning environment to match each student's readiness, interests, and learning profile. Low student interest in learning at the elementary school level remains a persistent challenge in Indonesian education, particularly in the context of implementing the Merdeka Curriculum. This study aims to examine differentiated learning strategies that can enhance student interest in elementary schools through a literature review method. Data were sourced from national and international journals published between 2018 and 2024 and obtained through Google Scholar, ERIC, and Semantic Scholar databases. The results of the review show that three main differentiated learning strategies content differentiation, process differentiation, and product differentiation have been consistently shown to increase student interest in learning. Content differentiation allows students to access learning materials according to their level of readiness; process differentiation gives students flexibility in understanding concepts; and product differentiation provides varied means of demonstrating understanding. Supporting factors such as the use of digital teaching materials, technology-based learning media, and the Understanding by Design (UbD) framework strengthen the effectiveness of these strategies. The study concludes that differentiated learning, when planned systematically and supported by appropriate technology, can significantly improve student learning interest in elementary schools and is aligned with the inclusive and student-centered principles of the Merdeka Curriculum.

The Effect of Polysulfate and Compost on the Growth and Yield of Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.)

2026-09-30T07:01:54+00:00

The topic of this research is the Effect of Polysulphate and Compost on the Growth and Yield of Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.). The study aims to determine the effect of Polysulphate and Compost fertilizers on the Growth and Yield of Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.). The study used a Factorial Randomized Block Design consisting of two factors: Factor I: Application of Polysulphate fertilizer "P" consisting of 4 treatment levels per plant: P0 = Control, P1 = 5 g, P2 = 10 g, P3 = 15 g, and Factor II: Application of compost fertilizer with the symbol "K" consisting of 4 levels per plant: K0 = Control, K1 = 25 g, K2 = 50 g, and K3 = 75 g. Overall, the parameters of plant height growth showed that P1 26.7 cm and K1 26.9 cm were the optimum treatments. The number of tubers per sample P3 4.4 pieces was significantly different from P0 3.8 pieces and P1 4.1 pieces but not significantly different from P2 4.2 pieces. P1 4.1 pieces was significantly different from P0 3.8 pieces and P3 4.4 pieces but not significantly different from P2 4.2 pieces. The effect of compost on the number of tubers per sample K3 5.8 pieces was significantly different from K0 2.5 pieces and K1 2.5 pieces but not significantly different from K2 5.5 pieces. The effect of polysulfate on production per sample P3 35.8 g was significantly different from P0 10 g, P1 13 g, and P2 21.2 g. The effect of compost fertilizer K3 34.6 g was significantly different from K0 11.1 g, K1 14.1 g and K2 22.3 g. The yield per plot of 868.3 g polysulfate P3 was significantly different from 698.1 g P0, 770.6 g P1, and 829.2 g P2; and the effect of 1529.3 g K3 compost was significantly different from 216.2 g K0, 658.4 g K1, and 808.7 g K2. The interaction of P and K factors resulted in a yield per plot of 1590.2 g P3K3, significantly different from the other treatment combinations but not significantly different from the 1599 g P3K2 treatment combination.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS A SOLUTION IN TODAY'S MATHEMATICS LEARNING

2026-09-30T07:09:40+00:00

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has brought significant changes in various fields, including mathematics education. The use of AI in learning has the potential to improve the quality of the learning process through providing direct feedback, personalizing learning, and increasing student engagement. However, the implementation of AI in mathematics education still faces various challenges, such as technological readiness, digital literacy, and potential dependence on technology. This study aims to analyze the influence of AI implementation on improving the competence of prospective mathematics teachers. The study used a quantitative approach with a one-group pre-test post-test design. The research was carried out in the Mathematics Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Univeritas Muslim Nusantara Al-Washliyah Medan by involving 35 students as a research sample. The research instruments consist of a test of understanding of mathematical concepts and a questionnaire on the perception of the use of AI that has met the criteria of validity and reliability. The results of the validity test showed that the value of Aiken's V was as large as the category of very valid, while the reliability test using Cronbach Alpha obtained a value of the category as high as possible. The results of the study show that the average score of students' pre-test increases to the post-test with a percentage increase of the results of he paired sample t-test showing a significant value that shows a significant influence of the use of AI on improving students' abilities. The findings of the study show that the implementation of AI can make a positive contribution to improving students' understanding of mathematical concepts and supporting more adaptive and interactive learning.

IMPLEMENTATION OF LAW IN LAND ACQUISITION FOR ROAD CONSTRUCTION WITH COMPENSATION

2026-09-30T07:16:16+00:00

Land acquisition for road construction in Indonesia often triggers conflict due to suboptimal legal implementation, particularly in the provision of fair compensation as stipulated in Law No. 2 of 2012 concerning Land Acquisition for Development in the Public Interest. The background to this problem includes delays in compensation payments, a lack of transparency in assessments by the Public Service Agency (KJPP), and community resistance due to minimal outreach, as seen in Trans-Sumatra toll road projects such as Cisumdawu and Medan-Binjai. This phenomenon creates an imbalance between the public interest in infrastructure development and the rights of landholders, with BPN data indicating that 30-40% of cases end in dispute.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of land acquisition law in road construction, identify challenges related to compensation, and formulate policy recommendations for process effectiveness. The research method used an empirical juridical approach with a case study in North Sumatra, combining analysis of legal norms (Law No. 2/2012, Presidential Regulation No. 71/2012) and field data from interviews with 20 informants (landowners, LMAN officials, and the National Land Agency), observations of toll road projects, and court ruling documents. The analysis was conducted using qualitative and quantitative triangulation to measure satisfaction with compensation.

The main results indicate that legal implementation is only 65% effective, with major obstacles being delays in LMAN fund disbursement (averaging 4-6 months), compensation assessments below market prices (40% disputed), and weak inter-agency coordination. Compensation tends to be solely financial, with little consideration of socio-immaterial aspects, leading to project delays of up to 18 months. Recommendations include process digitization, committee training, and a profit-and-loss compensation model.

An Analysis of the Implementation of the Problem-Based Learning Model Integrated with the Toba Batak Ruma Bolon Philosophy among Students of SD Budi Murni 6 Medan in Science Learning

2026-09-30T07:24:22+00:00

This study aims to describe the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning model integrated with the Toba Batak Ruma Bolon philosophy in science learning on the topic of states of matter and their changes among students of SD Budi Murni 6 Medan. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach. The research subjects consisted of the classroom teacher and elementary school students involved in the learning process. Data were collected through classroom observation, interviews, and documentation. The data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, while data validity was strengthened through source and technique triangulation. The results showed that the integration of the Ruma Bolon philosophy into the Problem-Based Learning model created a more contextual, collaborative, and meaningful science learning process. The values of togetherness, deliberation, responsibility, order, and harmony with the environment were reflected in the stages of problem orientation, group discussion, simple investigation, presentation, and learning reflection. Students were able to understand the concepts of solids, liquids, gases, melting, freezing, evaporation, condensation, and sublimation more easily when these concepts were connected to concrete objects, daily experiences, and local cultural contexts. However, several obstacles were found, including limited instructional time, differences in students’ communication abilities, and the need for more systematic preparation of contextual problems and learning materials. The study concludes that the Problem-Based Learning model integrated with the Toba Batak Ruma Bolon philosophy is relevant to be applied as a local wisdom-based science learning strategy in elementary schools, particularly to strengthen students’ conceptual understanding, collaboration, and appreciation of local culture.

Analysis of Students' Critical Thinking Skills Through Differentiated Learning in the Independent Curriculum at SDN 003 Pasaribu Dolok Sanggul Elementary School

2026-09-30T07:30:12+00:00

This study, entitled "Analysis of Students' Critical Thinking Skills Through Differentiated Learning in the Independent Curriculum at the UPT SDN 003 Pasaribu Dolok Sanggul," aims to analyze students' critical thinking skills in the learning process that applies a differentiated approach in accordance with the principles of the Independent Curriculum. This study also aims to describe how teachers implement differentiated learning based on students' learning readiness, interests, and learning profiles and to identify factors that influence the development of students' critical thinking skills. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method with teachers and students at the UPT SDN 003 Pasaribu Dolok Sanggul as the research subjects. Data collection was conducted through observation of learning activities, interviews with teachers and students, documentation, and analysis of student learning outcomes. The data obtained were then analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing to obtain a comprehensive picture of students' critical thinking skills. The results indicate that the implementation of differentiated learning has a positive impact on students' critical thinking skills. Students become more active in expressing their opinions, able to identify and analyze problems, ask relevant questions, and propose solutions based on logical reasoning. Teachers are also able to create a more inclusive learning environment by providing learning experiences tailored to students' needs and characteristics. Despite several obstacles, such as the wide diversity of student abilities and limited learning time, differentiated learning has generally proven effective in supporting the development of students' critical thinking skills. Therefore, it can be concluded that the implementation of differentiated learning in the Independent Curriculum significantly contributes to improving the quality of critical thinking in elementary school students.

LITERATURE REVIEW ON MODELS FOR DEVELOPING ADOLESCENT TALENT IN THE DIGITAL ECOSYSTEM TOWARD THE GOLDEN GENERATION OF 2045: A GROUNDED THEORY STUDY

2026-09-30T07:36:15+00:00

Human capital development in the digital age is a key determinant of the success of the 2045 Golden Generation vision; however, comprehensive modeling of the youth talent ecosystem remains very limited. This study aims to construct a conceptual model of a holistic, adaptive, and productive youth talent development ecosystem in the digital age. The method used is qualitative with a Literature-based Constructivist Grounded Theory design. Primary and secondary data were extracted from reputable academic databases (Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) using the PRISMA protocol, then analyzed through constant comparative analysis with open, axial, and selective coding stages. The research results successfully deconstructed Western corporate biases in conventional talent management and recontextualized them within the sociocultural space of Indonesian adolescents. The escalation of adolescents’ capacity from raw potential to tangible talent in the virtual space is driven by the dynamic interaction between digital native identities, the use of technology as a scaffold, and active engagement in a culture of participation. Optimal self-directed learning and digital autotelic conditions (flow) require self-regulation as well as the integration of character values through the PACER core values (Problem-solving, Adaptability, Collaboration, Emotional Intelligence, Resilience) as a binding variable to mitigate the impacts of the digital divide and moral degradation. The theoretical contribution of this research lies in the emergence of a new middle-range theory that bridges human resource management, digital pedagogy, and the sociology of youth. Practically, this model serves as a strategic blueprint for policymakers and educational institutions in designing adaptive formal curricula and inclusive digital incubation spaces.

FOSTERING ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' ECOLITERACY THROUGH PROJECT-BASED LEARNING MODEL

2026-09-30T07:41:18+00:00

Environmental degradation is a global challenge that requires educational efforts to foster environmental awareness and responsibility in students. This study aims to examine the implementation of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) in cultivating the ecoliteracy of elementary school students. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that PjBL effectively improves students' ecological knowledge, awareness, attitude, and eco-friendly behavior through waste management activities, eco-brick making, composting, and planting within the school environment. The successful implementation of PjBL is supported by the teacher's role as a facilitator, students' active participation, and school support, while time constraints and facilities serve as hindering factors. Thus, Project-Based Learning is an effective learning approach to foster ecoliteracy and support sustainable environmental education in elementary schools.

THE BENEFITS OF HOME GARDEN DESIGN ON OCCUPANTS’ COMFORT AND HEALTH

2026-09-30T07:49:34+00:00

Home gardens have become an important element in residential environments due to their contribution to environmental quality, occupant comfort, and physical and psychological health. The presence of vegetation around residential buildings can improve thermal conditions, enhance air quality, reduce stress levels, and increase aesthetic value. This study aims to analyze the benefits of home garden design on occupant comfort and health. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed using survey methods, observations, interviews, and questionnaires. Data were collected from 30 homeowners who possessed active home gardens and had lived in their residences for at least one year. The variables examined included garden design, thermal comfort, air quality, psychological health, and environmental aesthetics.

The results indicate that 84% of respondents experienced improved thermal comfort, 80% reported better air quality, 76% experienced positive psychological effects, and 90% perceived enhanced aesthetic quality due to the presence of home gardens. These findings demonstrate that home garden design significantly contributes to creating healthier, more comfortable, and visually appealing residential environments. Therefore, integrating garden design into residential planning is highly recommended as a sustainable strategy to improve quality of life.

The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility from Management and Legal Perspectives in Enhancing Corporate Performance

2026-09-30T08:02:41+00:00

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become an essential strategic instrument that enables organizations to achieve sustainable business performance while fulfilling their social and legal responsibilities. However, previous studies have predominantly examined CSR from either management or legal perspectives separately, resulting in limited understanding of how these perspectives jointly influence corporate performance. This study aims to analyze the role of Corporate Social Responsibility from integrated management and legal perspectives in enhancing corporate performance and to examine the mediating role of legal compliance in this relationship. A quantitative explanatory research design was employed using a cross-sectional survey. Data were collected from 186 managers, CSR officers, legal officers, and senior employees representing companies operating across various industrial sectors in Indonesia. The proposed research model was analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that Corporate Social Responsibility has a significant positive effect on both legal compliance and corporate performance. Legal compliance also significantly improves corporate performance and partially mediates the relationship between CSR and corporate performance. The structural model demonstrates satisfactory explanatory power, indicating that organizations implementing CSR strategically while maintaining strong legal compliance achieve superior organizational performance through enhanced corporate reputation, stakeholder trust, governance quality, and organizational legitimacy. These findings suggest that CSR should not be viewed solely as a philanthropic initiative or a regulatory obligation but as an integrated strategic management capability supported by effective legal governance. This study contributes to the existing literature by proposing an integrated framework that combines management and legal perspectives in explaining sustainable corporate performance. The proposed model also provides practical implications for managers and policymakers in designing CSR strategies that simultaneously improve business competitiveness, regulatory compliance, and long-term organizational sustainability.